Adaptive System Identification using Markov Chain Monte Carlo

One of the major problems in adaptive filtering is the problem of system identification. It has been studied extensively due to its immense practical importance in a variety of fields. The underlying goal is to identify the impulse response of an unknown system. This is accomplished by placing a known system in parallel and feeding both systems with the same input. Due to initial disparity in their impulse responses, an error is generated between their outputs. This error is set to tune the impulse response of known system in a way that every change in impulse response reduces the magnitude of prospective error. This process is repeated until the error becomes negligible and the responses of both systems match. To specifically minimize the error, numerous adaptive algorithms are available. They are noteworthy either for their low computational complexity or high convergence speed. Recently, a method, known as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), has gained much attention due to its remarkably low computational complexity. But despite this colossal advantage, properties of MCMC method have not been investigated for adaptive system identification problem. This article bridges this gap by providing a complete treatment of MCMC method in the aforementioned context

Complications after Nd YAG Posterior Capsulotomy

Background: To analyse the rate of complicationsassociated with Nd YAG posterior capsulotomy.Methods: This prospective clinical study wasconducted in Holy Family Hospital over a six-monthperiod. It included five hundred and fifty patients in outdoor Eye Department, Holy Family Hospital treated withNd YAG laser capsulotomy due to posterior capsularopacification after cataract surgery. The complicationswere noted.Results: There was a transient rise of IOP in 27%,mild anterior uveitis in 7%, pits and cracks in 4%, macularedema in 3% and retinal detachment in 2% cases.Complications were managed accordingly and post YAGvisual acuity improved in majority of cases.Conclusions: Nd. YAG is an effective instrumentused in non-invasive procedure of capsulotomy in patientswho are having gross disturbances of vision such asdecreased visual acuity, glare and uniocular diplopia.The posterior capsulotomy does have some seriouscomplications after YAG. One can avoid thesecomplications and get the best results

Role of agriculture in economic growth of Pakistan

This research based on the role of agriculture in the economic growth of Pakistan. Secondary data has been collected from the year 1980-2010 from the government authentic websites. For this purpose simple regression applied to identify the significance relationship of agricultural sub-sectors with GDP. Results suggested that there is the significance role of agriculture sub-sectors towards the economic growth only forestry showed insignificant relationship with GDP. Another objective is based on to know the contribution of each sub-sector over the aggregate agriculture amount. Result suggest that crops and livestock’s total contribute 91% combined in the aggregate agriculture sector that represent significance contribution for the performance regarding in this sector while fisheries and forestry have minimal contribution because of many reasons, major reasons involved low investment intensity in this sector, insufficient facilities, untrained and unskillful labor force engaged with it.Economic growth, major crops, minor crops, Livestock, forestry, fisheries, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Learning style preference and critical thinking perception among engineering students

Engineering education plays a vital role towards modernization of world. Therefore, engineering students need to be nurture with multiple skills like learning preferences and critical thinking skills. This study has been conducted to identify the learning style preferences and critical thinking perception of the engineering students from three programs electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and civil engineering at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor. Survey research design was applied in this study. The quantitative data was collected by two questionnaires Index of Learning Styles (ILS) that is based on Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) and Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) questionnaire which consists of analysis, evaluation, induction and deduction in terms of problem solving and decision making. A total of 315 final year engineering students were participated in this study. Data was analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics involving tests Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson Correlation and linear regression. The study discovered that engineering students are preferred to be visual learners (83.80%). Visual learning style denotes FSLSM input dimension and visual learners learn best by diagrams, charts, maps and graphical presentations. This study also found that engineering students possess critical thinking perception in all dimensions. However, there is no statistical significant difference of learning style found among engineering programs as “p” value found 0.357. Whereas, there is statistical significant critical thinking difference found among engineering programs as “p” value found 0.006. Lastly, findings revealed that there is no significant relationship found between learning styles and critical thinking skills. The study findings suggested that providing preferred learning style (visual learning style) in classroom will enhance students’ academic achievement and increase their cognitive level. This study might serve as a guideline for educators to facilitate learners to enhance their learning and thinking for better outcomes in academia as well as in workplace

Visual Outcome of Open Globe Injuries in Paediatric Patients

Background: To determine visual outcome of open globe injuries in children.Methods: In this descriptive study children, between 4-16 years (n=80), who had open globe injury and who presented within one week of injury, were included . All patients underwent surgical repair surgery. Corrected post-operative visual acuity at 4 weeks was recorded. Effect modifiers like age, gender, mechanism of injury and time delay in presentation was controlled by stratification. For post stratification chi square was applied. p-value of ≤ 0.05 accepted as statistically significant.Results: Visual improvement was observed in 70% (n=56) of patients as per operational definition, which was significantly higher in patients who presented before 24 hours (p<0.05). No other significant association was found. Conclusions: Open globe injuries require emergency surgery as a standard of care. Visual improvement was observed in 70% in this study which was significantly associated with earlier presentation (<24 hours